Physics Behind the Dambuster’s Bouncing Bomb

Material science Behind the Dambuster’s Bouncing Bomb Brookie Trant Presentation The Dambuster Raid and the skipping bomb assumed a key job in WW2. The point was to disturb modern efficiency of Germany. The Raid was likewise a very much advanced example of overcoming adversity when Britain was extended to limit during the war. The bomb was utilized to annihilate the Mohne and the Edersee Dams and flood the Ruhr Valley, consequently pulverizing an enormous extent of the Germans fabricating power; along these lines having the ideal thump on impacts for the German war exertion. The bomb was at first brought about by Dr Barnes Wallis in April 1942 of every a paper he composed called ‘spherical bomb †surface torpedo’[1]. The idea was then taken up via Air Chief Marshal the Hon Sir Ralph Cochrane of the Royal Air Force a solid backer of exactness bombarding. Additionally critical to carrying the idea to realization was Air Marshal Arthur Harris leader of Bomber Command. Through these compelling authorities Wallis’ thought was brought to an advisory group and it given the thumbs up. Wallis confronted a scope of down to earth issues, for example, the size-to-weight proportion of the bomb with the capacity of the airplane to genuinely lift and convey it; how much reverse-pivot was should have been granted to the bomb with the end goal for it to have a controlled and precise flight; speed of flight; range from which to drop it and the speed of the airplane at purpose of conveyance. Every one of these elements should have been comprehended and defeated all together that the bomb could be conveyed to the ideal point on the dam divider and afterward exploded. In addressing this inquiry this investigation will think about four key factors: the weapon plan, the conveyance of the weapon, the explosion and how these had an incredible enough effect to annihilate the dam. It is helpful now to qualify the meaning of the ricocheting bomb. The utilization of skipping to portray the Operation Chastise bomb is free. The material science of bobbing by definition requires a degree of flexibility which as the item hits a strong, a liquid or a powder brings about a perpetual or non-lasting change in the articles structure (versatility). This doesn’t happen with the ‘bouncing’ bomb. It is smarter to characterize the Chastise Bomb as ricocheting however with the end goal of this examination the expression skipping bomb will be used[2]. Weapon Design This was the place the bomb began. A key region which should have been tended to was the state of the bomb. This had a significant job in giving a solid and effective bomb. This area clarifies the thinking behind the barrel shaped shape and how this influenced the bombs conveyance. The state of the bomb was a key issue. Wallis’ beginning preliminaries utilized circular models, so indistinguishable contact with the water would be made all through its flight; anyway the ricochets were regularly excessively erratic because of discharge and water surface conditions. In this way, to accomplish more noteworthy soundness Wallis explored different avenues regarding a round and hollow bomb. This nullified the unconventionality however didn't settle the issues of direction and keeping it level. He understood that by utilizing reverse-pivot these issues could be survived. Reverse-pivot was likewise a key angle in the conveyance of the weapon to the explosion point. This crucial angle will be additionally talked about in this investigation in the conveyance technique segment. Once at the purpose of explosion the bomb was required to detonate submerged. On blast a stun wave would be made, enough to destabilize the dam divider. The heaviness of water would then give the break. Wallis began with attempting to locate the right estimations for the measure of hazardous expected to breech the dam. He utilized a model on a size of 1/17 of the genuine article. He at that point utilized 100g of gelignite 1.2m away from the divider giving a similar impact as a 10 ton bomb 60m away from the dam. This had no impact. He proceeded with his preliminaries until he accomplished 150g of touchy 0.3m away from the dam, which implied that he needed to utilize 13 tons of unstable 15m away from the dam. At the point when downsized up, this would require 18 tons of packaging which would give a 31 ton bomb to coordinate the impact required. This was a fundamentally bigger bomb that could be dropped by the airplane to be utilized. Plainly he would need to locate an alternate strate gy. He decreased the mass to 4.3 tons and would utilize numerous bombs to breech the dam[3]. The last elements of the bomb were 60 inches in length and 50 inches wide[4]. This is generally 1.52m long and 1.27m in width, with a last weight of 9,250[5]. See figure 1. Conveyance Method His next issue was working out speed of the bombs, how far over the surface they should have been dropped, the good ways from the dam and the most ideal approach to control the skips of the bomb. His first preliminaries were led in quite a while garden at home. He terminated marbles over a container of water to see whether it would bob off the surface. It worked and he could control the skip by modifying the launch. He currently expected to find on the off chance that he could control the bomb when it was utilizing different skips. For this he required a marginally bigger mechanical assembly and utilized an immense boat tank at Teddington. Beginning with a circular bomb, he tried diverse size-to-weight proportions and by utilizing reverse-pivot he could control the bobs. This likewise helped the bomb to soak in an anticipated way when it arrived at the divider. Here he had achievement, anyway Wallis found the trip of the bomb was regularly erratic. He found on the off chance that he expanded the mass fundamentally it turned out to be progressively steady anyway for reasons previously expressed a bigger bomb was unrealistic. Wallis had understood that solidness could be accomplished by utilizing a round and hollow packaging and bestowing reverse-pivot. This would keep the barrel on its hub and prevent it from inclining and consequently follow its right direction. Much like a child’s turning top toy, the more reverse-pivot you gave the bomb the harder it is thump it off its hub, this is rakish force (this is clarified in the section underneath). He tried the thought in the tank evaluating the various insurgencies. He additionally found that by fluctuating the size-to-weight proportion of the chambers he could keep a 5 ton barrel level on the water and afterward get it to turn down the dam once it hit the water[6]. Additionally by quickly turning the gadget in reverse this would check the forward speed of the airplane. Wallis determined what number of skips would be required before arriving at the dam. This estimation expected to incorporate the drop good ways from the dam, the height of the airplan e and its forward speed. Significantly with each skip the bomb would ease back because of the thickness of the water and the drag impact that it had. Utilizing this condition Wallis had the option to compute the speed of the turn to guarantee that the bomb had eased back down to very nearly zero speed when it came to the dam[7]. He estimated that the chamber would should be going at 450 to 500 cycles for every minute2 so as to accomplish this impact. Precise energy has a similar job as straight force yet in revolution. The condition for rakish force is. The condition for straight force is â€Å"†. In the condition for rakish force the ‘I’ replaces the ‘m’ and the ‘ï‰â€™ replaces the ‘v’. The ‘I’ is the snapshot of latency which is an items hesitance to change its condition of rotational motion[8]. The condition for the snapshot of dormancy changes with the various shapes it is following up on. For a chamber the snapshot of dormancy is. This implied by expanding the mass and the sweep the snapshot of inactivity will build making it increasingly steady. Anyway Wallis was confined by the size of the planes and their capacity to convey a substantial bomb. So he utilized the biggest measurement as could be expected under the circumstances and afterward put most of the heaviness of the bomb as near the edge of the chamber as could reasonably be expected. Along the se lines it would have a similar impact as a flywheel giving the barrel bunches of energy. The ‘ï‰â€™ is the precise speed which is the way snappy the chamber is turning its unit is rad s-1. The condition for ω is which appears as you increment the recurrence then the ω will increment by a significant sum. At the point when you put the snapshot of idleness and precise speed together you get the rakish energy of a pivoting object. It likewise gives you that by expanding the rakish speed makes it significantly more hard to thump the barrel off its pivot. Returning to the turning top the quicker you turn it the more troublesome it becomes to thump it over. This is the thing that gave the bobbing bomb a spotless flight and ensured that it stayed on course and didn’t tilt off its pivot. The reverse-pivot had an auxiliary impact. By dropping the bomb without reverse-pivot the gadget would normally get a turning impact through the even hub the other way; the net aftereffect of this would be that the bomb would not slow in a uniform or unsurprising way and in this manner likely jump out over the dam instead of easing back and dropping down within face. Forward turning the bomb would have a comparable impact to that accomplished by a bike wheel being moved at a control. It needs to keep going[9]. There is a third impact accomplished by granting reverse-pivot. This is the key relationship that Wallis would have known about and used to ascertain speed, stature and turning impact. This impact is the Kuttas Lift Theorem or the Kuttaâ€Joukowski Theorem. Created by German Martin Wihelm Kutta and Russian Nikolai Zhukovsky (Joukowski), in the mid twentieth century, the hypothesis exhibits the streamlined connection between lift, speed of a turning chamber and thickness of the substance it is traveling through (air or fluid)[10]. This hypothesis here and there known as the Magnus impact when applied to the states of the Dam Buster strike permitted the bomb to ‘crawl’ down the substance of the dam divider. The water encompassing the chamber related to the back turn caused striking hydrodynamic fo

Sociology and Language free essay sample

The essence of sociolinguistics is society +language=sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics and phonetics There are numerous sociolinguistics who might likewise call themselves etymologists. ?The topic of who is communist and who isn't neither intriguing nor significant. ?Semantics contrasts from sociolinguistics in considering just the structure of language to the prohibition of the social setting in which it is found out and use. ?The undertaking of the etymology is to work out the principles of language, after that sociolinguistics concentrate any focuses at which these guidelines make setting with society. ?Diverse elective method of communicating something very similar , taken/picked by various social gathering. (nature of sociolinguistics) ? Various social orders use dialects which show their conduct. ?In the present current society, socio is discipline which depends on religious and exact. ?In sociolinguistics language hypothesis and language behaviorism are examined: Example Language hypothesis: ?Pashto articulated ? forceful ? French language ? obligingness This is hypothesis however when we go to demonstrate it become commonsense. We will compose a custom paper test on Humanism and Language or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page ?Hypothesis + viable = proposition (sociolinguistics) ?There is a two path connection among language and society: 1. On the base of language we surmise culture. 2. On the base of culture we induce language. Connection among humanism and phonetics Sociology: It is an investigation of society (behaviorism, mentality, social standard, living style, administering and relations and so on). Etymology: The set example of language which incorporates sentence structure, semantics and so on †¦ ?Linguistics talk about syntax (thing, pronoun,†¦) however sociolinguistics talk about the social utilization of these words. Model: If a Urdu language specialist instruct Urdu to any outsider ( , ). These are the thing which language specialist let him know. Be that as it may, sociolinguistics will disclose to him how to utilize it in the public eye. ?Somewhat humanism and semantics so one next to the other. An educator ought realize the syntax as well as to utilize it in various setting. Utilization and Use Usage: Discussing the endorse rule of the language. This will be of significant use for language specialist. Use: Practical or real use of endorse use, this will be of significant utilization of sociolinguist. ?The utilization of language alludes to the general public which goes under society. ?On the off chance that we talk about the utilization of language, it fundamentally social use so we connect up this social use with the human science. ?At the point when we talk about human science we characterize one society to another. Separation of Pakistani society: A. Landowners B. Civil servants C. Agents D. Government officials E. Proficient individuals F. Workers/rancher G. Hobos ?All of these gatherings have various dialects. Everybody has his own language as indicated by the level. ?Sociolinguistics study the utilization of language in various setting of society. 1. 2 Sociolinguistic wonders A conjured up universe Pakistani society contrast and such a general public which really don't exist . By contrasting we accompany know the connection of language with specific culture. Each general public has normal limits. These limits imply that no others can come and join. Society and culture is influenced by language when we utilized distinctive language together (English+ Hindi ruin pet lang) Example: (may nay ik picture banaye roughage) Linguist can't decide from which society it has a place.

Parliamentary vs Presidential Governments Free Essays

In a majority rule government there are two most well known kinds of government: presidential and parliamentary. They are to some degree comparative, however their branches, executive,legislative, and legal, work distinctively and are liable for very various occupations. Most European nations run by the parliamentary frameworks, for example, Britain, since it used to be government. We will compose a custom article test on Parliamentary versus Presidential Governments or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Indeed, even now the Great Britain has a Queen Elizabeth II. Nations like the United States are ran by the presidential type of government. The most noteworthy distinction in the Parliamentary type of government versus the Presidential is that the president is both the CEO and the head of state. The President has the ability to veto laws, execute the guidelines of Congress when it announces war, has the privilege to support the settlements without the legislature’s consent. The president has the privilege to convey military, yet can't announce war. Parliamentary framework partitions the CEO and the head of state into two separate workplaces. The CEO is generally the Prime Minister and the head of state is the president. In Britain, for instance, the CEO is the Prime Minister, and the head of state is the sovereign Elizabeth II. The Prime Minister is generally the most elevated political expert in the nation and is the leader of the Cabinet, or the official office. He does all the dynamic, supports laws, chooses all the clergymen and the Cabinet individuals, has power to control all the legislative offices. another huge distinction between the two governments is the means by which they get chose. In Presidential government, for instance in the United States, the possibility for administration is being chosen by the Cabinet or the Senate, further to be chosen by the votes of the country. The Prime Minister, as in Britain, is chosen by the Cabinet. Individuals don't decide in favor of him, yet they do decide in favor of the congressmen, who may before long become the Prime Minister. The President and the Prime Minister are the two individuals with the most experts in their nation, and both can be excused anytime by the Cabinet. The Presidential framework and the Parliamentary framework vary in every nation, on the grounds that every nation has its own constitution. For instance in Great Brittan, the individual with the most authority is the Prime Minister, yet in Russia, it is the President, even idea Russia has a Prime Minister. The two majority rule governments work a similar way, just individuals with similar titles do various occupations, and individuals with comparative employments have an alternate title. The most effective method to refer to Parliamentary versus Presidential Governments, Papers

Colonialism and Morality in The Moonstone and The Man Who...

Colonialism and Morality in The Moonstone and The Man Who Would Be King Let us presuppose to begin with that the cursed jewel is an impossibility and the powers of the Moonstone or any other gem for that matter only exist on an atomic level ( i.e. the energies which bind such objects together and make them what they are). Additionally it should be considered that no such object is the means by which a being exerts powers and no such object consciously exerts powers itself. Notions of the cursed or powerful jewel can be seen as a bi-product of what Said terms â€Å"Orientalism.† Said describes â€Å"The Orient† as â€Å"almost a European invention,† a place of â€Å"exotic beings and remarkable experiences.† (Ashcroft et al ed. p.87) This hypothesis†¦show more content†¦The Moonstone is a narrative device which illuminates the text in multiple ways. Such a device remains popular in western adventure literature and film, whether in the form of an Egyptian scarab or a monkey’s claw. The mystical object with powerful properties is involved in adventure tales from Conan-Doyle through Indiana Jones, even one of the most famous of modern legends the fates of Carter and Caernarfon excavators of Tutankahmun’s tomb involves a curse and shameful Orientalism. Perhaps the best indicator of such notions becoming part of western folklore is when they become utilised as simple metaphor. This is apparent in John Huston’s 1975 film version of Rudyard Kipling’s The Man Who Would Be King. The desire of the central protagonists; Peachy Carnahan and Daniel Dravitt to become â€Å"Kings† of an isolated region of the Indian sub-continent is built upon by the abundance of treasures that becomes available to them, an aspect absent from Kipling’s original tale. Huston’s version increases the greed of the t wo adventurers which in turn provides a more satisfying justification of their fates than we receive in the original short story. Whilst admiring giant rubies Huston’s Peachy remarks â€Å"All we need do is fill our pockets and we’d be millionaires.† Dravitt then retorts that if they stayed they would be â€Å"Kings.† Carnahan subsequently

The Law Enforcement Operations Model - 1619 Words

As discussed in the next section, some critics of these types of responses to transnational terrorism argue that a law enforcement operations model should be applied rather than the law of armed conflict because of the nature of the operations that are involved. For instance, Kels notes that human rights advocates â€Å"insist upon a legal geography of war, whereby states must apply a law enforcement (rather than armed conflict) model to any hostilities conducted outside of universally recognized hot battlefields like Afghanistan† (B3). This approach, however, ignores the realities of military operations on the ground and consequences of using a law enforcement operations model rather than the law of armed conflict to control these efforts (Kels B3). As Kels points out, â€Å"Holding a drone operator, fighter pilot or sailor directing ordnance at an overseas terrorist hideout to the same detain-first, shoot-last standards as a Metro police officer would negate the very purpos e of the weapons system, which is precisely the goal of some activists† (B3). Indeed, rather than improving America’s opportunities to apply FSW to eliminate threats emanating from other countries that are unable or unwilling to stop them, these arguments only add further fuel to the anti-drone rhetoric in ways that may even encourage additional terrorist incursions from abroad. Law Enforcement Operations (LEO) Law is both a context for the application of power and at the same time, an instrument of power. 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Own Story Essay Example For Students

Own Story Essay Bzzzzzzzzz!!! the alarm rang. Small dirty hands hit the off switch and gotout of bed. The scrawny boy walked over to the window in his old spider-manpajamas and looked outside. Everything was white as far as the eyes could see. The ground was covered with a silky smooth blanket of fresh new snow, whichconcealed the old brown sheet from the week before. By the driveway the top ofan open house peered out from the snow. After changing, the little childproceeded down the brown carpeted stairs which spit up dust with every step hetook. The walls of the old house were maroon with an occasional faded outline ofan old picture. The hardwood floors were also barren and would creak with everystep. The boy walked into the kitchen, turned on the stove and placed a griddleover it. Next he opened the old fashioned refrigerator. The light insideflickered on and off as he reached for the eggs and bacon. He shut the door andheaded over to the counter where he placed the egg carton and bacon. His nimblehands picked up three slices of bacon and broke two eggs on the griddle. The panwas not warm so the eggs and bacon just sat there. Suddenly the boy heard a cardoor slam and people talking. He looked out the window and saw two w omen headingtowards the front door. The shy boy quickly turned around and ran out the backdoor. The people outside trudged through the thick heavy snow towards the frontdoor. They reached the doorstep of the off-white house, and rammed the rustyknocker against the forest green door. The knock let out a loud hollow echo. They stood in the cold waiting for someone to open the door, but after fiveminutes they decided to invite themselves into the house. Hello? one womanshouted. They waited for an answer but only heard the crackling of bacon greasecoming from the kitchen. The air had the savory scent of smoked bacon and eggs,which made their stomachs growl. They slowly walked to the kitchen and peered into see nothing but burnt eggs and bacon on the sizzling griddle. They looked tothe left and saw that the back door was open. Outside, the tracks of freshfootprints created a path in the snow that lead toward a white picket fence. Thegate to the fence swung back and forth in the cold sharp wind. Ahhh!!Help!! a sharp shrill came from behind the fence. The two ladies gave eachother a quick glance as the call for help rang out over and over . They both ranto the gate as the fresh snow flurried off from the soles of their boots. Twofeet past the gate they both tripped over a thin wire that was stretched outac ross the ground. They lifted their now cold and wet faces out of the snow, andsaw nothing but an empty yard. The women began to grow goose bumps all overtheir bodies and gave each other a nervous look. They stood up and wiped thesnow off their bodies. An angry growl grew louder and louder from behind themand now their goose bumps grew to little mole hills all over their bodies. Theyslowly turned around and they both became as white as the velvety snow thatsurrounded them. Their knees began to shake and their hearts started to beatfaster and faster until their heartbeats became one monotone sound. Their eyesopened widely and stared straight ahead as if they had seen a ghost. However, itwas no ghost they were looking at. Instead they were looking at a 12 year oldboy covered in snow and dirt. The fence had now been closed. A large evil grinwas stretched across the boys face and his jet black eyes glared at the twohelpless women. His arms were raised like a vampire before his transforma tioninto a bat. The women thought that the devil himself had possessed this boy. .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d , .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d .postImageUrl , .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d , .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d:hover , .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d:visited , .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d:active { border:0!important; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d:active , .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u45772632ca8b5750eac6351400f6a95d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea: Overview EssayThis thought was the last that ever entered their heads. The boy let out a sharpscream and pounced on the two women like a tiger who hadnt eaten for weeks. Their screams only lasted for a split second and then dead silence rang throughthe cold dry air. The young boy, now tired from digging, threw the limp bodiesin the shallow graves in the snow. He filled the momentarily empty graves withsnow and looked at the fresh mound of snow. He looked around and saw the sheetof white snow over the yard. Everything was flat except the fresh mounds of snowcovering the graves, but those too would become flat with new so like the othershad done before. The boy retraced his footsteps back to the house. He took thenow ashy eggs and bacon off the griddle, threw them in the garbage and placedfresh food on the now piping hot stove. He ate a hearty breakfast and savoredthe sweet taste of bacon and. He sat down by on the couch and turned on the tvwaiting for the next report of missing people to show up.

The Arrhenius Equation and Activation Energy Essay Example

The Arrhenius Equation and Activation Energy Paper In this lab, our task is to determine how different degrees of temperature affect reaction rates.  A Swedish chemist, named Svante Arrhenius discovered the relationship between temperature and reaction rate. In finding this relationship a new equation was formed called the Arrhenius Equation:  Reaction rate constant k = A e -Ea/RT  The factor A represents the frequency of collisions between two molecules in the proper orientation for reactions to occur. The value of A is determined by experiment and will be different for every reaction. The value of the exponential term e -Ea/RT describes the fraction of molecules with the minimum energy required to react, R is the gas constant, 8.314 J/mol-K, T is the temperature in Kelvin and Ea is the activation energy. Activation energy of a reaction is the minimum amount of energy needed to start the reactions. In order to understand and make use of this equation, we must include the Collision Theory. Collision Theory states that in order for a reaction to occur, two molecules must collide in the proper orientation and posses a minimum amount of energy to react. The Arrhenius equation accounts for all of the requirements of Collision Theory.  The Arrhenius equation can be rearranged and combined to determine the activation energy for a reaction based on how the rate constant changes with temperature: In this lab, we will be calculating the rate constants for each of the four temperatures. The four temperatures include: 23, 40, 50, and 60 degrees Celsius. After the rate constant is found for these temperatures, we will use the Arrhenius Equation to solve for Ea and A by an analytical approach. Additionally we will use a graphically approach to solve for these values. The value found for Ea analytically is 9.20 X 104 J/Mol and the value for Ea found graphically is 8.51 X 10 4 J/Mol. We will write a custom essay sample on The Arrhenius Equation and Activation Energy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Arrhenius Equation and Activation Energy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Arrhenius Equation and Activation Energy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The difference between the two is 6873 J/Mol. The value of 9.20 X 104 J/Mol was found experimentally, while the value of 8.51 X 10 4 J/Mol was found by using experimental data to find the best-fit equation for the line. Because this was a best-fit equation done by a computer working with the experimental data a difference is expected. It should be noted that the difference of the two figures is relatively small. Conclusion: In this lab, we experimentally tested how reaction rates change with varying degrees of temperature. We tested this by measuring out specific volumes of reactants, when the final reactant was placed in the flask we started the stopwatch. We were able to time the reaction visually by the change in color, once the reactant color turned clear the reaction was over and the stopwatch was stopped. We did this four times with the variable being the temperature of the water baths that the flasks were in. The first run was done with no water bath, thus at room temperature of 23à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C and the other three runs at 40, 50 and 60à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ C. When we solved for Ea1 the value was 8.94 X102 KJ/Mol this represents the two lowest temperature and the value of Ea2 was 9.45 X 101 KJ/Mol for the two highest temperatures. Our data supports the idea that as temperature increases the rate increased, this was the true for all four runs. As with any experiment there is always a margin of error, in this case we were not working in a closed environment, and the fact that we took the flask out of the water baths before reading the final temperature occur twice which could possible provide an error. Prior to doing this lab, I have been told as well as have read that it is a clear understanding in the scientific world that a change of 10à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C will double the rate of a reaction. We tested this in this lab, and once again this understanding has been substantiated. This experiment emphasized that the Arrhenius equation is a proving powerful tool for predicting reaction rates over a wide range of temperatures. After a final analysis of our data, I feel confident that our experiment was a success. My understanding of this concept is more firmly in place than prior to this experiment. References: Moore, John W., et al. The Chemical World Concepts and Applications. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Company 1994. Silberberg, Martin S., 2000. Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change. Third Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher, 2000.