Essay --

I am presently studying Business Computing Solutions with practiced Support which involves learning well-nigh computer components as well as hardwargon and softwares. I am also learning how to solve issues which users may come across professionally by troubleshooting and testing. technical foul support in IT is evolving a lot over the years as virtualisation is now taking over the IT industry. In this report, I result be discussing different employment trends and how this will be a factor once when I graduate and look for a career in Technical support.Many organisations take on Technical Support staff since help desks have a key role in the organisations computing structure, therefore they will require employees who specialize in the Technical Support field to support the IT Help Desk systems. Some of the organisations that would require Technical Support staff vary from schools, hospitals, universities, government, banks and much to a greater extent. art Trends in Technical Suppo rt (Local and National)I.T Technical Support is increasingly growing and evolving over the last few years. As new technologies are becoming popular, IT Technical Support is in high demand due to the benefits that arise in organisations.Many organisations have claimed Professional, reliable, effective and efficient Technical Support Services are the foundation of a well-running computer or network system and lead to increased productivity, reduced costs and improved profitability. (Essential IT Service, Inc. 2014) This aids an organisation to be more successful as it saves them time and money. IT support organisations and help desks are experiencing big differences today in the sense that technologies are being developed and consumed. Cloud base solutions are emerging... ...dge is known as a CPD (continuous personal/professional development). It is a combination of ideas and techniques that will allow individuals to manage their own learning and how they could achieve their targets . CPD isnt a fixed process, although we do lay down certain basic processes. Fundamentally, its a question of setting yourself objectives for development and then charting your progress towards achieving them. Its about where you want to be and how you plan to get there.(CIPD, 2014)As well as this, there is a professional non-profit organisation that is committed to ensure individuals, professionals and all businesses keep a CPD for their succeeding(a) development. This organisation is called CIPD. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) is the professional body for those involved in the management and development of people. (CIPD, 2014)

The Short And Happy Life Of Francis Macomber :: essays research papers

In the short story The Short and Happy Life of Francis Macomber, there be three main(prenominal) characters, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Francis Macomber, and Mrs. Margaret Macomber, who are on an African Safari together. There are also three animals repeatedly mentioned throughout the story, which each represents a main character. The animals are a lion, a buffalo, and an impala.Mr. Macomber, who is very tall, very well built and considered handsome, is on a safari with his wife. While on the safari he goes and hunts a lion. After wounding it with his gun, he becomes too afraid to go and finish the lion off, so he runs like a little baby. Mr. Macomber is later cognize as a coward so he topper relates to the impala in the story. The impala is a beautiful animal and very skinny and sleek. When the impala were stab at, they ran super fast and when Mr. Wilson feels the fear of the lion he runs just as fast. Also when his wife shoots him in the head towards the end of the story, the bullet goes right to his head. When Mr. Macomber shoots the impala the bullet goes right to its head and the impala dies immediately just as he did.Mrs. Macomber, who is Mr. Macombers wife, started out in the story seeming like a normal lady. Later on it was obvious she did not care for her husband and was extremely rude to him. She should be related to the buffalo in this story, because she is very strong. She is course away from Macomber but at the same time she is chasing him and wants him dead. She is hard to get rid of and wont give up until she has the last word. Mr. Wilson, who is the Safari guide, best relates to the lion in this story because he is very brave. He is very respected and not afraid of any of the other animals. The way the story describes the terrible animal is how Wilson is described to be by Margaret.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

People have different perceptions of courage all the time approximately think it is a man with a gun in hand some see courage as mental strength to persevere and live danger, fear, or difficulty others think courage is an ordinary person, doing extraordinary things or even standing up for what is right, even if you are standing alone. In harpist Lees To Kill a Mockingbird, courage is illustrated through the characters of genus Atticus Finch, Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose, and Bob Ewell. Atticus and Mrs.Dubose share some of the same characteristics of courage. They both begin an impossible labor but give it their all until the end, even if they dont succeed. On the other hand, Bob Ewell shows an immense lack of courage throughout the book by not having the courage to accept the consequences of his own wrong doing. Atticus, Bob Ewell, and Mrs.Dubose each reveal courage in different authoritys, even if that way is not showing any courage at all. Atticus Finch feels true courage is when " you know youre licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through to the end no matter what." (p.112) With this definition of courage, Atticus would be considered an extremely courageous man. Tom Robinson was being accused of raping a white girl during the 1930s in atomic number 13. Because of the way blacks were treated then, obviously the chances of Tom Robinson walking out of the courthouse innocent were slim to none. When Atticus takes the case of Tom Robinson he says it is the "one case in his life-time that affects him personally." (p. 76) If he didnt take this case, he felt he couldnt "represent this country in legislature" additionally he said, "I couldnt hold up my conduct in town I couldnt even tell you and Jem not to do something again."(75) Taking this case took a great deal of courage and made Atticus a target of ridicule for Maycomb County. He was standing up for what he felt was right, and he was almost stand ing solo. The majority of Maycombs citizens do not ensure with Atticuss actions whatsoever. He was "running a still" in Maycomb, he was referred to as a "nigger lover" which was not accepted in society of Alabama in the 1930s(75). In Atticuss own home he was put down for defending a black man. Although Mrs. Merriweather never stated it, she did make her point lay down that she felt there were "some good but

The Role of Polyglutamine Expansions in Huntington’s Disease Essay

Huntingtons disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative dominant disorder caused by the expansions of polyglutamine in the gene encoding for Huntingtons protein. It is a developmental autosomal school principal disorder that affects muscle coordination, emotional and personality problems. As well as subcortical dementia, further leading to cognitive decline this is all related with discriminating neuronal cell final stage mainly associated in the striatum and cortex (Scherzinger et al., 1997). HD causes emotional problems, uncontrolled movements and the loss of thinking ability. It can lead to disability and death from the illness. There are two forms of this disease bountiful-onset and early-onset (juvenile). Adult onset is by the far most common for HD symptoms develop between the ages of mid 30s/40s, an individual lead live an average of 20 years after symptoms and signs begin. Premature signs and symptoms are depression, involuntary movements, trouble learning new information, po or coordination this can all set ahead very severely. The development of pre-disease symptoms into twitching or jerking is referred as Chorea. HD can be referred to Huntington Chorea. Although adult onset is more common disorder, juvenile form, defined by the onset of signs and symptoms before the age of 21 years, this occurs in about 7% of HD cases. (Nance, 2001) Juvenile onset has similar symptoms however the disease progresses more quickly compared to the adult onset form. Gente (1985) results showed findings by others, that the most juvenile-onset patients inherit the gene from their fathers and that the late-onset form is more frequently inherited from affected mothers. HD occurs due to CAG/polyglutamine(polyQ) expansions, in the first exon of a gene encoding a la... ..., C. and Bates, G, P. (2004). Huntingtin and the molecular pathogenesis of Huntingtons disease. EMBO reports 5. 958-963Nance, M, A. and Myers, R, H. (2001)Panov, A, V., Gutekunst, C., Leavitt, B, R., Hayden, M, R., Burke, J, R., Strittmatter, W, J. And Greenamyre, J, T. (2002) Early mitochondrial calcium defects in Huntingtons Disease are a direct effect of Polyglutamines. temper neuroscience. Volume 5 no 8Ross, C, A. (2002). Polyglutamine Pathogenesis Emergence of Unifying Mechanism for Huntingtons Disease and Related Disorders. Neuron, Vol. 35,819-822.Scherzinger, E., Lurz, R., Turmaine, M., Mangiarini, L., Hollenbach, Birgit., Hasenbank, R., Bates, G, P., Davies, S, W., Lehrach, H and Wanker, E, E. (1997). Huntington-Encoded Polyglutamine Expansions Form Amyloid-like Protein Aggregates In Vitro and In Vivo. Cell, Vol.90, 549-558.Zhang,

Opposition to State-Mandated Premarital HIV Screening Essays -- AIDS

Opposition to State-Mandated Premarital HIV ScreeningWhen screening for HIV became possible in mid-1985, debates began concerning the role of such(prenominal) screening in supreme the spread of AIDS. One such debate concerned state-mandated prenuptial HIV screening. This policy was proposed to the CDC conference in February of 1987, but never received much far-flung support, because it satisfied neither the proponents of globe health nor the proponents of civil liberties (Reamer 37). This essay will show that the state is unjustified in enacting such policy and hopefully in addition shed some light on why such policy received so little support.In a liberal society such as the United States that values both civil liberties and humans health, it is often un assort which policies best address the threat posed by the AIDS epidemic. It is clear that on the one hand, the United States is committed to respect the covert and personal autonomy of its citizens. Though not expressly writt en in the constitution, the right to privacy is implicit in the right to deny illegal search and seizure of home and explicit in the recent laws that protect the privacy of internet and recognize card users. On the early(a) hand, the United States is also committed to promote the general welfare, meaning it has a moral obligation to promote public health. Traditionally, in the struggle between civil liberties and public health, the United States has given precedent to civil liberties but yielded to departures when it was proven that doing so was justifiable by the resulting benefits to public health. AIDS, however, challenges the balance between civil liberties and public health like no other previous epidemic, due to the strong threat it poses to public health and ... ...avior, they could probably have been identified through programs aimed at groups with a higher prevalence of seropositives. Hence, the last two conditions of our ethical framework are also not met. exploitation an ethical framework borrowed from Childress, it is clear that a state committed to upholding the civil liberties of its citizens as well as promoting public health is unjustified in mandating premarital HIV screening. Such screening infringes on civil liberties and does not promote public health in an efficient way. The state is obligated to seek other policies by which to promote public health, such as voluntary testing and educational programming for married couples, which do not violate civil liberties and which more efficiently target those who are seropositive.Works CitedReamer, Frederic G. AIDS & Ethics. Columbia University Press New York, 1991.

Opposition to State-Mandated Premarital HIV Screening Essays -- AIDS

Opposition to State-Mandated Premarital HIV ScreeningWhen screening for HIV became possible in mid-1985, debates began concerning the determination of such screening in controlling the spread of AIDS. One such debate concerned state-mandated premarital HIV screening. This policy was proposed to the CDC conference in February of 1987, precisely never received much widespread support, because it satisfied neither the proponents of semipublic health nor the proponents of civil liberties (Reamer 37). This essay will show that the state is unjustified in enacting such policy and hopefully also shed some light on why such policy received so little support.In a liberal society such as the United States that values both civil liberties and public health, it is often unclear which policies best address the holy terror posed by the AIDS epidemic. It is clear that on the one hand, the United States is committed to respect the privacy and personal autonomy of its citizens. Though not express ly written in the constitution, the right to privacy is implicit in the right to deny illegal search and seizure of home and explicit in the new-fashioned laws that protect the privacy of internet and credit card users. On the other hand, the United States is also committed to promote the general welfare, meaning it has a moral obligation to promote public health. Traditionally, in the struggle between civil liberties and public health, the United States has given precedent to civil liberties but yielded to departures when it was proven that doing so was justifiable by the resulting benefits to public health. AIDS, however, challenges the balance between civil liberties and public health like no other previous epidemic, due to the wholesome threat it poses to public health and ... ...avior, they could probably have been identified through programs aimed at groups with a higher prevalence of seropositives. Hence, the last two conditions of our ethical simulation are also not met. Using an ethical framework borrowed from Childress, it is clear that a state committed to upholding the civil liberties of its citizens as well as promoting public health is unjustified in mandating premarital HIV screening. Such screening infringes on civil liberties and does not promote public health in an competent way. The state is obligated to seek other policies by which to promote public health, such as voluntary testing and educational programming for married couples, which do not violate civil liberties and which more efficiently target those who are seropositive.Works CitedReamer, Frederic G. AIDS & Ethics. Columbia University Press New York, 1991.

Cbse Chemistry Notes for 11 and 12

Supplementary Textual Material in chemical science for Class XI & Class 12 1 Acknowledgements CBSE ADVISORS Shri Vineet Joshi, I. A. S. , Chairman, CBSE Shri Shashi Bhushan, Director (Acad. ), CBSE CONVENOR & EDITOR Prof. A. K. Bakhshi Department of chemical science, University of Delhi. DEVELOPMENT TEAM Prof. A. K. Bakhshi Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi. Dr. Anju Srivastava Hindu College, University of Delhi. Dr. Vimal Rarh S. G. T. B. Khalsa College, University of Delhi. Dr. Geetika Bhalla Hindu College, University of Delhi. Ms. Anupama Sharma Modern School, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi. MEMBER COORDINATOR Dr.Srijata Das, Education Officer, CBSE 2 plug-in OF CONTENTS Class XI Unit 5 States of Matter 5. 7. 1 Kinetic Energy and Molecular Speeds 5. 7. 2 Maxwell-Boltzmann diffusion of molecular facilitates Unit 6 Thermodynamics 6. 6. 1. Second Law of Thermodynamics 6. 8. Third Law of Thermodynamics Unit 7 Equilibrium 7. 12. 1 pH of Buffer Solutions Class XII Unit 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life 16. 4. 2. 1 Antioxidants 3 Unit 5 States of Matter 5. 7. 1 KINETIC ENERGY AND MOLECULAR SPEEDS As you have canvas in the previous theatrical role the molecules of a gas atomic number 18 always in motion and are colliding with each other and with the walls of the container.Due to these collisions the stimulateings and the kinetic energies of the individual molecules deliver on changing. However at a assumption temperature, the average kinetic cipher of the gas molecules remains uni work. If at a given temperature, n1 molecules have pelt along v1, n2 molecules have speed v2, n3 molecules have speed v3, and so on. Then, the total kinetic energy (EK) of the gas at this temperature is given by where m is the chain reactor of the molecule. The equivalent average kinetic energy ( If the following consideration Then the average kinetic energy is given by where c is given by 4 ) of the gas allow beThis c is cognise as root- blotto- settle speed. As t he name implies, to calculate c, first take the squares of the individual speeds, then their mean and finally the square root of the mean. It can be shown that c is related to temperature by The average kinetic energy depends only on absolute temperature and is related to absolute temperature by the expression where k = Boltzmann constant = 1. 38 x 10-23 J K-1 In the case of gases, one also talks of two other speeds, namely, average speed and just about- equiprobable speed. The average speed ( ) at a given temperature is the arithmetic mean of the speeds of different molecules of the gas. . e, where n1 molecules have speed v1, n2 molecules have speed v2, n3 molecules have speed v3, and so on. The relationship between average speed and temperature T is given by The near probable speed ( ) of a gas at a given temperature is the speed possessed by the maximum function of molecules at that temperature. Unlike average speed and root mean square speed, the most(prenominal) probable sp eed cannot be expressed in terms of the individual molecular speeds. The most probable speed ( ) is related to absolute temperature (T) by the expression 5 affinity between different types of molecular speedsThe three types of molecular speeds, namely, most probable speed ( ), average speed ( ) and root mean square speed (c) of a gas at a given temperature are related to each other as follows For a particular gas, at a particular temperature, It follows from the above relationships that Example send the root mean square, average and most probable speeds of oxygen molecules at 27 oC. Solution Given data Molar mass of oxygen, M = 32 g mol-1 = 0. 032 kg mol-1 Temperature, t = 27 oC T = (27 + 273) K = 300 K 6 Expressions to be used Root mean square speed, Average speed, Most probable speed, Actual calculationsRoot mean square speed, Average speed, Most probable speed, 5. 7. 2 MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION OF MOLECULAR SPEEDS The speeds of the individual molecules of a gas do not rem ain constant. They keep on changing due to inter molecular collisions and due to collisions with the walls of the container. However, at a given temperature, the distribution of molecular speeds remains constant. This distribution of molecular speeds is given by Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution equity. 7 For a given gas, at a given temperature, the distribution rick of molecular speeds is shown in Figure 5. 7. 1 Figure 5. 7. 1.Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curve You can see from the distribution curve that it is the plot of molecular speed vs the fragment of molecules. The important features of this distribution curve are (i) The fraction of molecules having too low or too high speeds is very small. (ii) There is a certain speed for which the fraction of molecules is maximum. This speed is known as most probable speed. (iii) The most probable speed of a gas, is the speed possessed by the maximum number of molecules of the gas at a given temperature and it corresponds to the peak o f the curve. Since the most probable speed ( xpression ) is related to absolute temperature T by the It mean that at the pertain temperature, lighter gases shall move faster than heavier gases as is evident from the distribution curves of chlorine and nitrogen gases in Figure 5. 7. 2. 8 Figure 5. 7. 2. Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curves for chlorine and nitrogen gases at 300K Effect of temperature In Figure 5. 7. 3. are given the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curves of a gas at three different temperatures T1, T2 and T3 much(prenominal) that T1>T2>T3. Figure 5. 7. 3. Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curves for a gas at three different temperatures 9It can be seen from these distribution curves that as the temperature increases 1. The entire curve shifts towards right. 2. The most probable speed increases. 3. The fraction of molecules having most probable speed decreases. 4. The curve becomes broader in the middle range indicating that more molecules have speeds near to th e most probable speed. 5. The fraction of molecules having higher speeds increases. 6. The fraction of molecules having lower speed decreases. It may be noted that the total area under each of the curves remains the same as the sum of fractions of molecules remains unaltered on changing the temperature. 0 EXERCISE 1. Calculate (i) root mean square speed (ii) average speed and (iii) most probable speed of CO2 molecules at 700 K . 2. A sample of a gas contains 15 molecules with a speed of 3 m s-1, 25 molecules with a speed of 5 m s-1 and 30 molecules with a speed of 8 m s-1. Calculate root mean square speed of these molecules. 3. Calculate the temperature at which the average speed of oxygen equals that of hydrogen at 20 K. 4. Calculate the temperatures at which the root mean square speed, average speed and the most probable speed of oxygen gas are all equal to 1500 m s-1. Answers 1. i. 629. 92, m s-1 ii. 80. 50 m s-1 iii. 514. 33 m s-1 2. 6. 187 m s-1 3. 320 K 4. T for root mean squa re speed= 2886 K, T for the average speed = 3399 K, T for most probable speed = 4330 K 11 12 Unit 6 Thermodynamics 6. 6. 1 SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS You have already studied in the previous sections that the first law of thermodynamics deals only with the law of saving of energy and it gives no information about the criteria for feasibility of a given physical or chemical surgical procedure. This law is always obeyed whether a given process occurs on its own or is made to occur with the dish up of an external agency.In some(prenominal) case the first law is valid in both the ahead and reverse direction of the process. You have also learnt about the belief of entropy which is a measure of the randomness or the disorder in a system. This concept helps in explaining the spontaneity of the irreversible processes. For an irreversible process, the entropy of the system and surroundings taken together i. e. of the conception increases, while for a process at counterweight it re mains constant. This conclusion is of great importance as it helps us to predict whether a given process can take place spontaneously or not.Since all processes in nature occur spontaneously i. e. irreversibly, it follows that the entropy of the universe is increasing continuously. This important give tongue toment i. e. in any spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe (system and surroundings) always increases is also known as the second law of thermodynamics. ?SUniverse = ? Ssystem + ? Ssurroundings Specifically it means that If ? SUniverse > 0, the reaction is spontaneous If ? SUniverse < 0, the reaction is non-spontaneous If ? SUniverse = 0, the reaction is at equilibriumSince chemists are in the main more interested in the system (reaction sort) than the surroundings, it is therefore more convenient to restate the second law in terms of the thermodynamic properties of the system, without regard to the surroundings. As already described in the previous section, thi s is possible through the Gibbs free energy G which for a system is defined as G = H TS. In terms of this thermodynamic property, the second law of thermodynamics can be restated as in any spontaneous process at 13 constant temperature and pressure, the free energy of the system (? Gsystem) always decreases.According to this definition If ? Gsystem < 0, the reaction is spontaneous If ? Gsystem > 0, the reaction is non-spontaneous If ?Gsystem = 0, the reaction is at equilibrium 6. 8. THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS The third law of thermodynamics is concerned with determination of entropy. It states that a substance which is perfectly crystalline at absolute zero of temperature has an entropy of zero. In a perfect crystal at absolute zero of temperature, each constituent of the crystal (atom, molecule or ion) is at the proper crystal lattice site and it therefore has the lowest energy.This means that this particular state is of perfect order, i. e, has zero disorder and hence zero e ntropy. Using zero value of entropy at absolute zero for a perfectly crystalline substance as the reference point (initial state), one can calculate absolute value of entropy of the substance in any state (solid, liquid or gas) at any temperature by calculating ? S for the process/es in going from the initial state to the state of the substance for which entropy is to be deliberate. However there are certain substances which possess certain entropy even at absolute zero.This entropy is known as residuum entropy. The origin of residual entropy can be explained on the basis of the disorder which remains at absolute zero in certain crystals composed of AB types of molecules where A and B are similar atoms (as in CO). In such substances, there is a very little energy difference between AB AB AB and .. AB BA BA AB.. and other arrangements so that the molecules adopt the orientations AB and BA at random in the solid. This gives rise to some disorder, also known as frozen disorder, and consequently residual entropy.For example in case of CO, the measured residual entropy is 5 J K-1 mol-1 which is close to the value expected for a random structure Figure 1 (B) of the form CO CO OC CO CO OC OC. 14 Figure 1. Alternative molecular arrangements for CO (A) Perfect crystal (B) Actual crystal EXERCISE 1. State Second Law of Thermodynamics. 2. deliver the conditions in terms of ? H and ? S when a reaction would be always spontaneous. 3. When ? H > 0 and ? S < 0, a reaction is never spontaneous. Explain. 4. commentary on the spontaneity of a reaction at constant temperature and pressure in the following cases i) ? H < 0 and ? S > 0 (ii) ? H > 0 and ? S < 0 (iii) ? H < 0 and ? S < 0 (iv) ? H > 0 and ? S > 0 5. State third law of thermodynamics. 6. Explain the term residual entropy. 15 Unit 7 Equilibrium 7. 12. 1 pH OF BUFFER SOLUTIONS HENDERSON HASSELBALCH EQUATION As you have already learnt in the previous section a modify resoluteness is a theme which resists change in its pH on the addition of small gist of acid or a base. Most of the important buffer store solutions generally consist of mixtures of weak acids and their seasons or weak bases and their salts.These buffer solutions are known as acidulent buffers and canonic buffers respectively. If the pH of the buffer solution is less than 7, it is called an acidic buffer and if the pH of the buffer solution is greater than 7 it is called a basic buffer. Examples of some acidic and basic buffers are as given below Acidic buffer Basic buffer 1) Acetic acid and sodium ethanoate 1) Ammonium hydroxide and ammonium ion chloride 2) Formic acid and sodium formate 2) Ammonium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate pH of an acidic buffer A very common example of an acidic buffer is a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate.Acetic acid, creation a weak acid, is very slightly dissociated, while sodium acetate being a salt is completely dissociated. The mixture thus contains acetic aci d molecules as well acetate ions and sodium ions. At equilibrium CH3COOH(aq) H+ (aq) + CH3COO-(aq) victorious the negative logarithm on both the sides, we get 16 (7. 39) In general, (7. 40) It may be noted that the concentration of the acetate ions is taken to be most equal to the concentration of the salt because the acetate ions coming from fully dissociated salt (here sodium acetate) suppress the ionization of the weak acid (acetic acid). This equation (7. 0) is called Henderson- Hasselbalch equation. According to this equation, the pH of an acidic buffer consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its salt depends on the pKa of the acid, and the concentrations of the salt and acid in the mixture. If concentration of the salt is equal to that of the acid, then Buffer action of Acidic buffer The buffer action of an acidic buffer consisting of a mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate can be explained in the following way. If we add small amount of HCl to the buffer solution it will ionise to give H+ ions. These combine with CH3COO- ions to form weakly ionized acetic acid.CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq) ? CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) Since H+ ions get neutralised by CH3COO- ions, there will be no change in pH. On the other hand, if we add a few drops of NaOH to the buffer solution, it provides OH- ions which are neutralized by the acetic acid present in the mixture. 17 OH-(aq) + CH3COOH(aq) ? CH3COO-(aq) + H2O(l) Therefore the pH of the solution remains unchanged. pH of a Basic Buffer A very common example of a basic buffer is a mixture of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. Ammonium hydroxide being a weak base is very slightly dissociated, while ammonium chloride being a salt is completely dissociated.The mixture thus contains ammonium hydroxide molecules as well as ammonium ions and chloride ions. At equilibrium, NH4OH(aq) NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) Taking the negative logarithm on both the sides, we get (7. 41) In general, (7. 42) 18 It may be noted that the concentration of the ammonium ions is taken to be almost equal to the concentration of the salt because ammonium ions coming from the fully dissociated salt (here ammonium chloride) suppress the ionization of the weak base ammonium hydroxide. This equation (7. 42) is called Henderson- Hasselblach equation. Further, pH can be calculated easily from pOH using Hence,It may be noted that pKa + pKb = 14 Buffer action of basic buffer The buffer action of a basic buffer consisting of a mixture of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium chloride can be explained in the following way. If a few drops of HCl are added to the buffer solution, it will ionise to give H+ ion which will combine with OH- ions to form H2O. H+(aq) + OH- (aq) ? H2O(l) Therefore, the addition of HCl will not change the pH. On the other hand, when a few drops of NaOH solution are added to the buffer solution, it would give OH- ions. These OH- ions combine with NH4+ ions present in the solution to form NH4OH, which is only slightly ionised.OH- (aq) + NH4+ (aq) ? NH4OH(aq) Hence, the addition of a base also will not change the pH. 19 EXERCISE 1. A certain buffer is made by mixing sodium formate and formic acid in water. With the help of equations explain how this buffer neutralizes addition of a small amount of an acid or a base. 2. A basic buffer is made by mixing ammonium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate in water. Explain how this buffer resists change in its pH on addition of a small amount of an acid or a base. 3. What would be the pH of a solution obtained by mixing 10 g of acetic acid and 15 g of sodium acetate and making the volume equal to 1 L.Dissociation constant of acetic acid at 25oC is 1. 75 x 10-5. 4. A buffer solution contains 0. 40 mol of ammonium hydroxide and 0. 50 mol of ammonium chloride to make a buffer solution of 1 L. Calculate the pH of the resulting buffer solution. Dissociation constant of ammonium hydroxide at 25oC is 1. 81 x 10-5. Answers 3. pH = 4. 80 4. 9. 161 20 Class XII Unit 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life 16. 4. 2. 1. ANTIOXIDANTS Antioxidants are one of the important and necessary food additives. These compounds retard the action of oxygen on food thus trim down its speed of decomposition by oxidation. Hence they help in the preservation of food.These act as sacrificial materials, i. e. these are more reactive towards oxygen than are the materials they are protecting. They also reduce the rate of involvement of free radicals in the aging process. Examples The two most familiar antioxidants used are butylated hydroxy methylbenzene (BHT) and butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) (Figure 1). These phenolic compounds are added to preserve fats in packaged food. Oxygen reacts preferentially with BHA or BHT rather than oxidizing fats or oils, thereby protecting them from spoilage. The addition of BHA to cover increases its storage life from months to years.Sometimes, BHT and BHA are added in combination with citric or ascorbic acids to produce a more active synergetic effect. Fi gure 1 Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) Sulphur dioxide and sulphites ( such as sodium sulphite, sodium bisulphite and sodium metabisulphite) are useful antioxidants for wine and beers, sugars syrups and cut, peeled or dried fruits and vegetables. They celebrate or reduce their discoloration. 21 EXERCISE 1. Name one antioxidant commonly used to increase the storage life of butter. 2. Name one antioxidant used in wine and beers. 22a

Comparative Paper of Race/Ethnicity Essay

Racial background and ethnicities atomic number 18 represented in the short stories Country Lovers, The receive shelve, and the poem What Its Like to Be a Black Girl. All of these stories have a main character or protagonist downhearted-skinned female. All one-third of these women deal with some degree of discrimination because of their color. The hardships that these women suffer during their life can be suffered by anyone but growing up in a discriminatory situation creates a more dramatic story.The main themes in Country Lovers are delight and racial politics. Country Lovers was written during a time when Africa was suffering from racial segregation. This story has irony throughout the entire story. Thebedi and Paulus grow up together and they fall in love. They grew up in Africa during the apartheid when their plain did not allow interracial relationships. Paulus Eysendyck was the son of the farm owner and Thebedis father worked on that farm. They both knew they could not be together publicly.During the apartheid in Africa it was embezzled to have an interracial relationship. There are several dramatic effects in this story. The first is when the narrator talks about Paulus going away to tutor This usefully coincides with the age of twelve or thirteen so that by the time early adolescence is reached, the inexorable children are making a big with the bodily changes parkland to all, an easy transition to adult forms of address, beginning to call their old playmates missus and baasie little master (Clungston, 2010).Theres loss of innocence and forbidden love as expound here when Paulus watches Thebedi wade in the water The school daughters he went swimming with at dams or pools on neighbouring farms wore bikinis but the sight of their dazzling bellies and thighs in the sunlight had never made him feel what he felt now when the girl came up the bank and sat beside him, the drops of water beading off her dark legs the only points of light in the earth smelling deep shade (Clungston, 2010). This love would by any other means be normal, but since it is during the apartheid it is against the law.Eventually, Thebedi becomes meaning(a) at eighteen with Pauluss child. In order to protect herself Thebedi marries another man, Njabulo a laborer on the Eysendyck farm, analogous her father. When Paulus returns home on holiday he learns of the child, fearing that it is his, knowing the legal issues he could face, he goes to see the child. When Paulus sees the child He struggled for a moment with a grimace of tears, anger, and selfpity. He said, You havent been near the stick out with it? (Clungston, 2010) Both Paulus and Thebedi know the consequences if the child is found out about.Two days later Paulus returns to Thebedis hut and drowns the child. The baby had been given a proper burial until someoneone of the other labourers? their women? had reported that the baby was almost purity, that, strong and healthy, it had died suddenly after a visit by the husbandmans son(Clungston, 2010). In the end, a trial resulted in a not guilty verdict because of insufficient proof. Each one of these events is dramatic. The main themes of The Welcome Table are impartial Christ-like love and racism.Walkers story The Welcome Table never mentions a table except under the championship it quotes an old spiritual. We are never given a name of the old woman in this story. This creates anonymity about the woman this is tragic because she is unknown. Based on the description of the womans clothes the idea is given that Perhaps she had known suffering (Walker, 1973). In the story of the old black woman is described as, the color of poor gray Georgia earth, beaten by king cotton and the extreme weather (Walker, 1973).This old Black woman is on a mission. Even though there is no table in this story, the welcome table is a metaphor for impartial love. The old woman heads into a house of god expecting it to have impartial love. The church s ervice people discriminated against her because she is black. The good church folk are shocked. The reverend reminds her gently saying Auntie, you know this is not your church (Walker, 1973). The old woman thinks as if one could choose the wrong one (Walker, 1973). She brushes past them all and finds a seat near the back.Inside it is very cold, colder than usual. She ignores the postulate of an usher, referring to her as grandma, who asks her to leave. The ladies, who are celebrating the impartial love that they presumably have, finally insist and their husbands hurl her out. She is stunned, bewildered, and starts to sing a sad song. Then she notices something coming down the long gray highway. She grins toothlessly and giggles with joy. For it is none other than Jesus, and he is walking toward her.When he came close, he said, Follow me and the old woman bounded down to his side with all the bobfloat and speed of one so old(Walker, 1973). The two of them walk on together. She tel ls him her troubles, and he listens kindly, smiling warmly. Jesus provides her with the welcome table. The people in the church never knew what happened to her. Some said they saw her jabbering to herself and walking off down the highway all alone. They guessed maybe she had relatives across the river, some miles away, but none of them authentically knew. The theme in this story is racism and hardship.Smiths poem gives the reference a view into a youthfulness girls transition from being a black girl into becoming a black woman during a time when both being a black girl and a black woman are unwelcomed. An Explication From transition to disappointment. The poem What its like to be a Black Girl (for those of you who arent) by Patricia Smith, is exactly as it is described in the title. Smiths poem gives the audience an insiders view into a young black girls transition into black woman-hood at a time where both being a black girl and a black woman was not as welcomed.Puberty is usua lly described by the biological changes a young son or girls body goes through. Smith writes, Its being 9 years old and feeling like youre not finished, and like your edges are wild, like theres something, everything, wrong (Smith, 1991). Though all teens have these thoughts in Smiths poem the black girl also have the added pressures of a racially unjust society. This black girl she refers to in her poem is feeling the awkwardness of her newly ever-changing body and the hope of something different and maybe infract to come.The poem tells the story of a young black girl exploring and experiencing what it is to become a black woman in a society that tells her to be white is better(p). Its dropping food coloring in your eyes to make them blue and suffering their burn in silence. Its popping a spent white mophead over the kinks of your hair and primping in front of the mirrors that deny your reflection. (Smith, 1991) The food coloring in her eyes and the bleached hair symbolize her pauperisation to be accepted by societys idea of proper. Its flame and fists and life according to Motown (Smith, 1991). The life she knows is Motown music, racial slurs, and fighting.Between jumping simulacrum Dutch until your legs pop and growing tall and wearing a lot of white (Smith, 1991) the poem tells us how a young black girl balances her changing body, with her child-like mentality. The wearing of a lot of white is her wearing of the wedding gown often seen as a symbol of womanhood. On that day, shes starts the next chapter in her life, as a married woman. When Smith talks about having a man reach out for you and caving in around his fingers (Smith, 1919) it gives the reader a better observation of the subservient mentality women dealt with during the 1960s.Finally, this young black girl is now a woman. Throughout the poem, Smith has helped us to see the transition from a black girl to a black woman. With Smiths attention to detail, the reader is able to follow the girls changes, both biological and psychological. This poem tells the story of a young black girls journey and her experiences while becoming a grown black woman in an era of racial uncertainty. All three women are survivors of a life of racial unjust. These stories are common to everyday life changes and lessons.These hardships, that everyone normally sees, are much more dramatic in a society that discriminates against color. References Clugston, R. W. , (2010). Journey into Literature. San Diego Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved March 20, 2011 from https//content. ashford. edu/books/AUENG125. 10. 2/sections/h3. 2? search=Country%20Lovers Walker, A. , (1973). In Love & Trouble Stories of Black Women. New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 81-87. Smith, P. , (1991). Life harmonise to Motown. What its Like to Be a Black Girl (for those of you who arent). Tia Chucha Press.

Diary entry for Helen Stoner Essay

Write a diary entry or entrys as if you are Helen Stoner. Review the cases and declaim how Holmes solved it. Focus on an appropriate style. Diary entry for Helen Stoner I can not tell you how relieved I feel to be finally in my aunts cosy house I would be most contented to claim a good nights rest, but forwards I do I would like to note down the regularts that occurred today. This day was a day to remember as it will have an effect on me, in many ways for the rest of my wretched life. It all started when I got up at the break of dawn and traveled all the way into townspeople to see Sherlock Holmes in Bakers Street.I was taken aback as to why such(prenominal) a remarkable detective like Sherlock would even consider seeing me. Even more so, Sherlock gave me quite a fright when he told me what time I departed home and how I travelled to Bakers Street. all the same, it just proved to me how observant Sherlock is, which made me feel safe in leaving the mystery of my sisters fate in his hands. I had to relive that tragic night, (two years ago from now) of my dear sisters fate and the events before and subsequently that had occurred, in order to give as frequently detail as possible to Mr Holmes.I was absolutely thrilled when Sherlock Holmes assured me he would do all he could to solve the mystery of honey Julias death. Sherlock had then skilfully noticed, under my frill of lace reviled marks of four fingers and a thumb on my wrist. This was from the night before when my stepfather (DR Roylott) had die angry and given me a firm hand. I did not wish to tell Sherlock about this as I was scared of the consequences if my stepfather had found that I had visited Sherlock Holmes. After all DR Roylott barely knows his own strength.I felt so lightened after talking to Holmes about my troubles, as he was the first psyche I have ever told about those horrifying events. Later that day when I met up with Holmes, I then sight Sherlock had crossed paths with my stepfathe r after I had left. I instantly felt as though my life had crumbled before my eyes. I was now unsure weather to go ahead with the mystery. However it was too late to change my mind now, Sherlock was already fall steam ahead and investigated all of the Moran, as anticipated. Later that day I discovered many secrets that I had never thought about in depth.Holmes had shown me a small ventilator that was in my sisters room and lead to my stepfathers room. The bell pull in my sisters room was indeed a dummy and he also cunningly observed that there was no logical reason whatsoever for me to have been moved into my sisters room, as there were no repairs that needed seeing to in my own room. The bed was strangely clamped to the ball over as Sherlock had pointed out. All of this information didnt make sense to me. My mind was buzzing with so many possibilities but my main focus was distinctly to find out the cause of my sisters death.Holmes is a remarkable man, but sometimes gave me doubt s on things when asked the question does your stepfather keep a cat in the safe? How peculiar that must have sounded When Sherlock Holmes had finished inspecting e precise room top to bottom for the slightest thing out of place, to my horror he told me my very life depended upon my obedience of him. As you may have guessed, I felt very fearful and anxious of what clues he had found that made him say such a thing. Holmes requested to spend a night in my sisters room while I was to still stay in my lord room.Dr.Watson, Holmes and I, had agreed that when my stepfather had retired to his chamber for the night I was to give them a signal from my sisters room that all was okay to carry on as planned. This I did and I then slipped back into my own room. I spent all night tossing and turning under the security of my bed covers. Plenty of thoughts were whizzing just about my head, too many to sleep upon. I pleaded that my stepfather would not awake and see to a noise, as he would be most d ismayed with what he would have seen. When finally getting to sleep, I awoke not long after to hear the sound of something striking my sisters wall.I heard the most ill shriek through the night, just like the one my sister had described the night before her death. I was so panic-stricken all I cherished to do was to run and get help from someone. My heart was telling me where to go, despite this I stayed put, just as Holmes had strictly told me. Show preview only The preceding(prenominal) preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Accounting Regulations Essay

controller Responsibilities By Jennifer Koppelman March 11, 2014 Accountant Responsibility Accountants clear responsibilities to many antithetical groups such as their lymph glands, the government and third parties. It is principal(prenominal) that accountants act in a particular manner and deport high ethical standards, integrity and nonrecreationalism. Accountants job function is to validate monetary statements and perform the duties in accordance with all the principles, standards and laws.Even though an accountant is hired by a company, they energize a responsibility to many more people than just the company. Some of the people that accountants ar prudent to, would be the companys management, investors, creditors, international regulatory bodies, and the integrity of the fiscal markets. Accountants need to be consistent and constantly be cargonfully exercising due diligence and pay close contemplation of the materiality of content (Accountant Responsibility). Acco untants have a code of professional conduct that they should adhere to.This states that accountants should maintain objectivity and be free of conflicts of interest in the discharging professional responsibilities. An accountant in public practice should be independent in fact and appearance when providing analyse and other attestation services. Situations where accountants exit need to line of battle objectivity would be when they are felt compelled to deliver bad news to a knob or employer based on an analysis that they had performed (Colson, 2004). there are two different types of examineors internal auditors and external auditors which have different responsibilities.Internal auditors have the main responsibility to develop statements that present the financial situation of a company in a fair way, meaning that as much revelation as necessary to give a reasonable picture of the financial situation to any user having a claim to the familiarity. External auditors responsib ility is to affirm that this has happened by issuing an opinion as to whether the financial statement fairly presents the financial position of that corporation (Duska, 2005). Accountant Responsibility to Clients Accountants have a professional responsibility to clients to keep their knowledge confidential.The rule states that a member in the public practice shall not disclose any confidential client information without the specific swallow of the client. This also extends to other accountants not directly involved with the client who obtain information through practice reviews or sanctioned disciplinary hearings to maintain confidentially. There are sealed exceptions that assuage residency with other professional and effectual liabilitys. Maintaining confidentiality is not only a professional obligation but also a legal obligation.General knowledge and expertise obtained through a client engagement is not considered to be confidential information (Cashell). Accountants have ethical responsibility to protect their clients, produce financial statements and tax returns that are to the best of their ability after performing proper due diligence. If there was an event that an audit would occur for a government force they should represent their clients with professionalism. Accountants should everlastingly maintain the highest ethical standards. Accountants perform essential and critical roles in society.Accountants have responsibilities to all of those who use their professional services. The Ameri fuck Institution of certified public accountants has an official rule, Rule 301 states a member in the public practice shall not disclose any confidential information without the specific consent of the client. Accountants number one responsibility is to its clients, it is important that accountants do not disclose client information to anyone without the clients permission first. There are consequences to the accountant if they do not keep client information c onfidential.It can also have a negative effect on the clients job, which will negatively affect the accountant also (ET Section 301 Client Confidential Information). certified public accountant Responsibility to Clients Case Even when an accountant has the intention to warn others of unfinished financial harm the courts have held that accountants must not give any client information, client information should always remain confidential. In a slipperiness Wagenheim v. Alexander Grant & Co the court ruled that Alexander Grant improperly divulged confidential information about their client, Consolidata Data go, to other clients.Consolidata Data Services, an audit client of Alexander Grant performed payroll services for several of Alexander Grants other clients. Alexander Grant discovered that Consolidata Data Services was having financial difficulty Alexander Grant warned their other clients to stop doing business with Consolidata Data Services. Alexander Grant argued that the oth er clients would suffer financial damage without prototype them. The ruling was against Alexander Grant, the court said that there was no proof that Consolidata Data Services was in a financial hardship that they could not date back from.Which Alexander Grant had no legal right to inform third parties of the financial burden that Consolidata Data Services was in (Cashell, 1995). It is important that accountants keep client information confidential at all times. The accountant might not know the whole picture of a business and a company can state that they could have recovered from the financial burden but because the accountant may have told other clients that could ruin the reputation of the client and affect the business. It is always safer not to say anything in regards to the financial situations when you have an obligation to your client.Accountant Responsibility to Third Parties Accountants do not have as much financial obligation to third parties as they do to clients. Acc ountants have a liability to third parties who are relying on the audit information, only if there is impostorulent conduct or proof of negligence would they be liable to the third party. When public accountants are done with an audit of their clients records and financials they put an opinion letter which sets forth, among other things, the scope of the audit and a professional opinion concerning the financial representations.Even though third parties may rely and act upon the auditors opinion, the auditor is contractually coalition only to the client and usually owes nothing, no legal duty to third parties for negligence (Greene, 2003). Accountants need to be very careful when warning outsiders of a clients fraud. Based on prior court exercises, CPAs generally do not have an obligation to inform outsiders of know fraud unless if they remain silent they are becoming culpable themselves. It is a risky situation if an accountant decides to blow the whistle (Cashell, 1995).Accountan ts are generally not responsible to third parties in contracts because there is no privity of contract. However, accountants can be held to be a common law duty of care towards third parties in certain circumstances, despite that there is no contractual duties. Circumstances that give rise to such duty have been considered in a substantial number of cases in recent years and three general tests have been developed. One of the tests would be if there is foreseeability damage, proximity between parties and considerations of justice and reasonableness.Another test would be examen the assumptions of reasonability. If the court would take an incremental approach in comparing the relationship in any given case to previously decided cases in which a duty of care had been recognized or rejected. An accountant can be liable to a third party if the accountant knew or should have known that they were relying on the audit, only for fraudulent conduct and proof of mere negligence is not suffici ent. If the accountant knew that the audit report for the client was intended to supply the information to a third party who would rely on the information.If the third party would be relying on the information in a decision concerning transactions involving the client and the third party (Professional Liability of Accountants & Auditors). Duty to Disclose to Third Parties In some cases information should be disclosed to third parties but an accountant ask to be very careful and proceed accordingly. If it is detailed in their engagement letter, which is a written agreement to perform services in exchange for allowance then an accountant has a duty to disclose information.Once the letter is signed off on by an officer then the letter serves as a contract (Engagement Letter). In one case Fund of Funds Ltd. v. Arthur Andersen & Co. the CPA had a duty to disclose. Arthur Andersen was the auditor for two clients, Fund of Funds and business leader Resources Corp. King Resources Corp dev eloped natural resource properties and agreed to be the sole vendor of such properties to Fund of Funds at prices no high than those charged to King Resource Corp industrial clients.Arthur Andersen learned the agreement was not being met but failed to inform Fund of Funds. The court did rule that Arthur Andersen should have disclosed this fact to Fund of Funds because they had knowledge of the overcharges, knew the terms of the agreement that was being violated and the language of their engagement letter produced a contractual obligation to reveal that information. Another case involving duty to disclose, this one a CPA was found that he did not have a duty to disclose information.The case Gold v DCL Inc. , Price Waterhouse & Co. informed DCL in December that they intended to qualify their audit report on DCLs financial statements. DCL was in the business of leasing computers and Price Waterhouse believed that their ability to recover their computer equipment costs was impaired due to the impending release of a new line of more powerful computers by IBM. In February, DCL announced earnings without mentioning Price Waterhouses concern and on February 15 Price Waterhouse was replaced.The court ruled that there was no basis in principle or authority for extending an auditors duty to disclose beyond cases where the auditor is giving or has given some representation or certification and the closeness and inaction of the defendants auditors did not make them culpable. The courts reasoning that the CPA did not have to disclose was because the auditors had issued no public opinion, rendered no certification and in no way invited the public to rely on their financial judgment there was no special relationship that imposed a duty of disclosure (Cashell, 1995).Accountant Responsibility to the Government Different local, state and federal governments have different rules and regulations that accountants need to learn for the area and industry that they will be works in. This is important to find out and comply with the different regulations. This is part of an accountants responsibility to provide accounting services that are in compliance with the government regulations for your clients particular industry. There may be different regulations for different industries so it is important to know which regulations are pertinent to your client.CPA for Responsibility to Government Case Some state laws might grant accountant client privileges, but these laws do not usually extend to a summons or subpoena related to a Federal Investigation by such agencies such as the IRS, or the SEC. In a case, commit v. United States, the Supreme salute concluded that no Federal accountant client privilege exists and state created privileges do not apply to Federal cases. in advance an accountant is responding to a Federal agency, the accountant should be sure that they are only responding to a valid and enforceable subpoena.In another case, Roberts v. Chaple, the A ppellate Court ruled that the accountant violated Georgias statutory accountant client privilege because he provided information to the IRS without having been served a valid summons or subpoena. Some state privilege laws could also affect the ability to release information pursuant to a review of a CPAs practice. Firms are responsible for meeting and keeping client confidentiality obligations whenever state statutes do not clearly provide a confidentiality exemption for a peer review of a firms practice.Whenever an accountant is not sure on if information should be released it would be best to consult a lawyer and obtain legal counsel to ensure that they are not breaking any laws or violating any confidentiality agreements or obligations(Cashell, 1995). Conclusion Accountants need to be ethical and practice with the highest professionalism and ethics. Accountants have many responsibilities not only to the client that they are servicing but to the government and to third parties. Re sponsibilities are higher to clients then third parties but it is important to know when and where your responsibility for each is.If an accountant is negligent or not responsible to the parties when they should have been there are consequences. An accountants main responsibility is to their client, it is important to keep client information confidential at all times. Not keeping client information confidential can have a negative effect and consequences on the accountant and the client. It is important that accountants do not disclose client information without the permission from the client first. All accountants need to have and maintain the highest ethics, professionalism and confidentiality.

Bloom taxonomy Essay

Blooms taxonomy or also known as the revised rosiness taxonomy is a great teaching tool to habit when teaching long-sufferings about their illness. It consists of three categories and then multiple sub-categories. Blooms taxonomy addresses not only the patients provision to learn but it address the appropriate approach to each individual situation. It gives a systematic way of approaching a topic and the audience that allow be learning. When this method is applied to nursing it is a great tool. This is due to the fact that each patient has different cognitive factors, different psychomotor factors as well as an affective domain. Blooms Cognitive categories have to do with how the mind can process or regenerate the information provided during a teaching session. There are six sub-categories to the cognitive category.The six are remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate and create. A teacher should be able to determine where in this gain is the patient. What teaching strateg ies must be changed and modified to fit the patient lifestyle. The second category is the Affective domain. This is how patients address their emotions to specific problems. This will show what a patient or student values and what motivates them to be who they are. This category has five sub-categories receiving, respecting, valuing, organizing and internalizing. This is the category that will determine if the patient is willing to accept this disease or recent lifestyle change into their life.This will tell a teacher where on the scale the patient is willing to rate their disease and how it will affect their life. The three and final category is psychomotor. This tells the teacher if the patient is physically able to complete the task asked of them. This will allow the teacher to gage if the patient is able to successfully complete what is needed of them to live with their disease process. There are five sub-categories imitation, manipulation, precision, articulation, and natural ization. There is a great example of this category, teaching a patient to use a new nebulizer treatment. The patient will go through reach step of the process till theycan finally reach the goal of naturalization. expiryBlooms taxonomy learning tool can break down the heart of teaching and give it meaning to apply to most any professions. Nursing is just unmatchable of those professions that teaching is a large part of the job, on a daily basis. Blooms taxonomy should be used each day on a nursing social unit from the admission date to the discharge date.

Linguistic Reading Response

It is interesting to note that contrary to popular belief, more often than not different pronunciations are the result of different contexts variances in social settings, the use of formal and informal pronunciations, etc. Unfortunately, Americans have long labored under the misguided assumption, especially where language is concerned, that there is one right musical mode to do something, and all other ways are wrong (Callary 118). Sounds used in language are produced by the human vocal apparatus, thus the terminus Articulatory phonetics to refer to sounds described by the adjunctions (actions) of the vocal tract.We produce speech sounds by modifying a stream of air as we push it by the lungs by means of the trachea and ultimately out of the oral or nasal cavities, or both (Callary 119). Stated this way the production of speech sounds seems trivial, obvious, and incredibly easy. But the facts of articulation prove otherwise, with the production of even the simplest sound the res ult of an amazingly complex activity involving coordination of muscles all working in precise timing.Studying language scientifically is quite a challenging and difficult undertaking (as the assigned reading pages illustrate, with all the allophones, phonemes, morphemes, etc.), though people might generally take the nuances of language for granted. diversion from the technical aspects of language, one needs to also consider its other socio-linguistic components origin, cultural factors, and regional variations, among others.A History of the Spanish Language by Ralph PennyConsidering that it is already a dead language, it is still pretty amazing that Latin is the ancestor of Spanish (and, by definition, of all other Romance languages), spread by soldiers, traders and farmers of the westerly Roman Empire two thousand years ago to the present population of the Spanish-speaking world. Interestingly, Romance languages do not descend from Classical (i.e. literary) Latin, unless non-li terary varieties, often referred to collectively as Vulgar Latin (Penny 5). Vulgar Latin differs only in the sense that is spoken by the Latin-speaking population with little or no school education.In the contemporary scene, there is a significant Spanish-speaking populace within the United States of America with the waves of human migration from Spanish-speaking countries, e.g. Mexico. To a certain extent, Spanish has influenced the development of the English language as it is being spoken in the USA, notably in states with notable Latino populations.The African inheritance of American English by Joseph E. Holloway and Winifred K. VassIn a similar vein to the Spanish-American experience is African-Americanism. Considering that at least 70 percent of the ancestors of Americans of African descent came from the Mande (West Aftican) and Bantu (Central African) ethnic groups (Holloway and Vass xix), it is not surprising that these two floricultures contribute substantially to the diver se North American ethnic stock. This is evident in jazz closely associated with sick musicians, whose tale and origins can be traced to the Old Congo Square of New Orleans. Yet available dictionaries and related works on African-American culture, language and history do not provide comprehensive documentation of linguistic Americanisms, except perhaps for Turners Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect (Holloway and Vass xix).Moreover, it would appear that the controversial debate over the excerpt of linguistic Africanisms in North American is still raging, led by the factions of E. Franklin Frazier and Herskovits. For Frazier, the institution of slavery completely destroyed any surviving African culture and consequently, African-American culture developed without any African antecedents. In this way he emphasized African discontinuity, advocating a deculturalization hypothesis. Herskovits on the other hand argued that African cultural influences survived in the New World, retained by process of acculturation and adaptation by the African slaves brought to the Americas (African continuum and continuity in African-American language).List of industrial plant CitedCallary, Edward. Phonetics. Eds. Clark, Virginia, Paul Eschholz and Alfred Rosa. Language Introductory Readings. New York St. Martins Press, 1985. 113-133.Penny, Ralph. A History of the Spanish Language. 2nd Ed. London Cambridge University Press, 2002.Holloway, Joseph and Winifred Vass. The African Heritage of American English. Bloomington Indiana University Press, 1997.

Reflection on Homeostasis Stage Essay

This paper contains my view on Homeostasis balance. In ill-tempered, I am reviewing the stage where the fetus is starting to respond to the outside world through a facial expressions or controlled movements, denoting pleasure or disgust. The process of a fetus to be able to accumulate capacities of the external world through mothers body and take it to the higher level with the growth. The newborn already has an organized behavior that includes feelings, needs and phenomenal survival skills with visual, grasping and auditory stimulations. With all that cookery to step in to the new environment new fumble similarly cable carries over a habituated behavior. He has a set point. It is the ideal state of a bodily system. If childs body detects a discomfort wherefore negative feedback is stepping in and trying to keep the body in the previous, most acquainted(predicate) condition.At first, childs system will detect the change. Then the body will react to the change and finally will try to becalm the body to the original state. These changes are bringing a discomfort that roll in the hay include high blood pressure and increase in heart rate. The symptoms can lead to the anxiety if the set point is getting disturbed to often. This process will not happened if bodily system habituated to repetitive stimulation, attuned to the environment and disturbing effect on physiological condition of the child are absent. As an example, I would like to present a case.A mother brings one-year-old infant to the therapy. The reason for it is inability to ride a car since birth. The child has an accelerated anxiety and vomiting when placed in the car or even seeing a car image. Family has a difficult time to function with the childs condition. It also brings arguments into marital life. Therapist has a result of physical exam that child is in the good health. During the appraisal therapist should look for many reasons why the child has such disturbing behavior. If there is an absence of medical conditions in the child then during the assessment counselor should find out chronological steps of relations between child and a car, parents behavior in relation to the car rides. During the assessment the therapist should create a report about family history ( ) and parents past and present medical history.In this case woman suffered from car claustrophobia during pregnancy. Currently she has chance(a) car claustrophobia attacks. During pregnancy every time she would get in the car the fetus will react to it by increased movements and accelerated heart rate. drive knew about possibility of her anxiety transferring to the fetus. Unfortunately, she had to function and take a car rides every day. It should be taking into consideration that at this stage infant hand a very close connection to a mother. He can hear her voice, feel her breath, responds to the anxiety and calmness. Also he is already seeking and responding to the environmental conditions. In th is case the child already achieved the stage of homeostasis. The infant is in need for mothers ministrations when getting in the car. The frustration and fussiness followed by anxiety appears when mother does not meet his needs. She cant provide him a care while fighting car claustrophobia. The child can also have a genetic predisposition.The car claustrophobia transferred to the baby from one of the parent. As a counselor, I will provide the following therapeutic treatment. First of all, baby should have a several CBT session with the desensitization or exposure therapy. Since the baby also has a strong reaction to the car image. Mother should also attend similar CBT sessions. Since, the infant has a strong interconnection with mother repeating her disorder, a specificity of regulatory fittedness between a particular infant and particular caregiver should be established immediately (Sander 1975). Therapist should emphasize that the caregiving routine, especially if related directly to the car, should be carefully examined and changed if needed.I would also recommend to disable the alertness of the baby during the ride, mother should remain in the most calming state as possible, avoid family arguments before getting into the car, keep positive glory while in the car, surround baby with toys and another entertainment tools. I found the sunglasses could be helpful. It blocks the side vision and car door do not even exist. Headphones, music and favored cartoon can be in use for the baby. Since the baby is closely connected to the mother and capable of having a conversational exchange, mother should talk to the baby during the trip.

Personal Strategic Plan Essay

I. Vision StatementTen years from now I envision to be in an upwardly mobile cable c arer.II. Value PropositionI am the hardest working appli contri merelyet among all another(prenominal) dirty dogdidates because of my professionalism and motivation.III. SWOTStrengthsI puddle been communicating with the public for the proceed seven years by means of my trade as a bartender. Through this job I have become very comfortable when talking to strangers and making them feel at ease when they talk to me.WeaknessesAlthough I communicate well when addressing smaller groups of people I am not as well versify at formal speaking. Most times when giving speeches I tend to start speeding through my topic genius because I am nervous and second because I bonnie want to bind through it.OpportunitiesTechnology is changing the process of applying for a job. This trend makes it easier for people to compete for jobs outside of their personal environment, which means more job opportunities. A person living here(predicate) in the United States empennage actually work for a business located overseas.ThreatsIn the same centering that technology helps suffer more job opportunities it also has its negative affects. It used to be that you would be competing for one job with just a few applicants now with the advancements in technology you are in a way competing with other applicants globally.IV. Goals/ StrategiesGoalsI plan to get into an internship program later this summer or next summer. There are many companies that offer internships to college students. There are many benefits when you firearmicipate in an internship program. It gives you a look into what only happens in the workplace. A extensive with experience it also gives you your first shot to show a potential employer what skills you can bring to a company. Sometimes if you impress the company you intern for they will offer you a job after you graduate. These things are why participating as an intern is so b eneficial. Interning is a great way to get your career started before you even graduate.StrategiesThere are many companies that offer internships to USI students. I plan to set up a meeting with Phillip Parker the Director of Career Services and Placement to discuss the incompatible opportunities available. He is always sending business students e-mails about internships that come his way. As of now my busy teach and work schedule has not allowed me the necessary free time to participate in an internship. Hopefully he will help me get in touch with the businesses that will be offering internships in the conterminous future.AppendixOne of the major trends that will affect not just me but everyone in some(prenominal) way is technology. When you think about technology you have to think that it is always adapting, and continues to make everything that it ties into more efficient. In the business world it can make things easier from many stand points. Technology is used in communicat ions, marketing, and management. In communication it can help people communicate globally instantaneously. A business person here in the United States can have a video conference call with their partners in China. This makes doing business globally less of a burden. Technology also affects the marketing side of business.There are so many ways to market products through the different venues that technology has created. Facebook is a good example of one of the main social networks that come in to play when you talk about businesses branching out into clean marketing campaigns. Using peoples public profiles company can by ad home on Facebook and actually now waste money on advertising outside there demographic. lastly technology has also changed the way businesses can manage and supervise the things that are going on in their business. A business manager in charge of a fast food restaurant can see most of the things that are happening in their business just by logging onto a computer . They can look at the amount of money they are spending in labor and equality that to the amount of the restaurants sales. This helps the business world monitor more of the day to day aspects of their business.Although technology is very helpful in the business world it also poses many brats to the business persons jobs. If you think about the aspects of communication a person could have a job here in the United States and be primarily does his job on a computer for example a vane ornamentalist. Now lets say there is a web designer in japan who can do the same things the designer here in the United States can do but at a fraction of the cost. The employer of the web designer could just start giving work to the designer in Japan. This makes the job market here in the United States global. People are now competing for jobs not only nationally but globally. So this is a definite threat.Technology is also creates a threat when it makes things more efficient. When you think of the re staurant manager from earlier who could look at all of the restaurants he oversees, how long do you thinks his job will be safe. Technology will eventually make it so roaring for one person to manage multiple aspects of the business that his job may just become part of another persons. So technology maybe great for us now, but you also have to fretfulness about technology becoming to efficient and making it hard for the average business person to view or keep their job. Technology can be very helpful to a point, but one time it becomes too advanced it then becomes a threat.

Importance of Employee Retention During a Recession

importance of Employee Retention During a Recession Introduction During a recession companies dumbfound to constantly protect and envision for financial attacks from increased expenses, decreased sales as well as customer and in particular employee retention. commission must realize that their employees be suffering expert as their businesses atomic number 18 with increased expenses and costs for occasional items. All parties must work cohesively to transition by means of a down frugality. Employers must be sensitive that their employees will be looking for other employment if the confederation is not providing the tools time and training in order for them to perform their jobs well.This is especially important during recessionary times when the focus needs to be on customer and employee retention. Numerous studies have prime and experts agree that company civilisation is the leading grammatical constituent in employee satisfaction and retention. Companies must embrac e the importance of employee retention through the implementation of various retention practices so that they will be better prep bed to continue to grow and be successful even through recessionary times.Companies that grasp that concept and incorporate an environment where employees feel empowered, motivated and engaged will resolving power in greater productivity and teamwork and therefore greater customer loyalty. Company Culture Company culture and in several instances lack of a decreed company culture appears to be the leading factor in the retention ratio of employees remaining versus voluntarily leaving a company. The culture of a company is outlined by many different aspects. Organizations that focus on employee retention and management programs have found some surprising indications.Employee retention has been a contend for all companies big and small and across constancy lines. numerous have researched and studied the reasons why some companies have better retention r ates than others similar. Many experts agree that a basic foundation of proven retention and management skills being implemented and apply effectively will result in a nobleer retention rate. The consensus of decades of research has found that high retention has little to do with formal programs and everything to do with culture (Duggan, 2010).Companies that aim to make sure theirs is a company that values its most valuable asset, its employees. Years of analysis on employee retention and homosexual alternative directives have shown that an environment where employees be valued assets and treated as such as well as one where talent has been developed with the proper tools, time and training show higher retention levels over time in any economic environment. Among those who strongly agreed that they work for a manager who cares more or less their well-being, 94 percent said they intend to stay with their current employer.Of those who strongly disagreed that their manager cared about their well-being, just 43 percent planned to stick around (Ryan, 2010). A well cognize gem known among informed and effective management is that employees do not leave companies they leave bad managers. With this knowledge companies should be able to make sure their focus and goal should be to ensure that their company and its management is effective, salutary and respected leaders. This focus in the long run will ensure there is a imperious company culture that will allow them to maintain their most valued asset.Importance of Solid Human imaging Practices The human resource department should compact the lead when implementing policies, disciplining employees and layoffs or terminations within a company and especially during a down economy. The human resource department can ensure that policies are implemented swimmingly and within legal guidelines. They are there to ensure that company policies and procedures are communicated effectively. HR must take the lead in workfo rce management, including, when necessary, conducting layoffs or terminations of employees in a systematic, ogical and effective manner (Lieber, Spring 2009). Companies are finding that by developing their current pool of employees they will be better able to prevail any market trends whether up or down. Employers should focus on making sure that employees receive perpetual feedback from their managers. Informal weekly meetings are a great start to fostering validatory relationships between managers and their staff. Studies have found that consistent communication helps to ensure that employees are comfortable with positive and not so positive criticism.Communications and how effective companies are at communicating new policies and procedures help to foster a level of trustingness and openness within the entire company. An environment where employees are encouraged to voice their concerns and receive proper feedback ensures that employees are engaged in their positions and in t he success of the company. Any positive, proactive measure implemented by human resources, as long as done with honesty, will help to engage employees and contribute to a positive company culture. Misconceptions of Employee RetentionEmployee retention is one of the most important factors in any companies success. Along with its importance get down several misconceptions as well as adverse effects as a result of them. The mass of employers believe that employees would never consider leaving their jobs during a recession. In fact, a survey conducted by Salary. com showed that 65% of employees admit to passively or actively looking for a new job already (Throckmorton, n. d. ). Experts are in agreement that many times companies focus on retaining their high level executives during difficult times.An name in the Mckinsey Quarterly emphasizes that companies should instead turn their focus on retaining the key employees (Cosack, Guthridge, Lawson, 2010). Key employees are defined as one s that are normal performers and are critical to the companys success boilers suit. Key employees are not necessarily the high level executives they are normal performing employees that are critical to the overall success of the company (Cosack, Guthridge, Lawson, 2010). Collectively the departments support the entire company and share in the companys success.Employers tend to believe that employees are also less engaged in their positions during a down economy because they believe that employees have fewer employment options. This is another misconception. In a study conducted by the eye for Creative Leadership and Booz Allen Hamilton found that employees are more engaged in their positions during a recession. Conclusion As one can conclude maintaining a high and effective retention rate is a challenge for most companies no matter the condition of the economy.Companies that are serious about their success will constantly value their most important asset, their employees. Success ful companies will have embraced the challenges and will engage their employees. Companies with effective and estimable leaders will be laying the foundation for long-term success of the company in a any economic environment.References Duggan,M. (2010,August). Best practices Retention. Drug Topics,154(8),21. Retrieved October 31, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID2137959661). Lieber, L. (2009). How to manage terminations and layoffs in a recession. Employment dealings Today (Wiley), 36(1), 95-102. Retrieved from Business Source eke out database. Cosack, S. , Guthridge, M. , & Lawson, E. (2010). Retaining key employees in times of change. McKinsey Quarterly, (3), 135-139. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database. Throckman, R. (n. d. ). Are You Worrying about Retention During the Recession? You Better Be Retrieved from http//www. strategichrinc. com/articles/rentention-recession. htm. Ryan, J. (2010). Keeping Employees Happy in a Post-Recession World. BusinessWeek. com, 5. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database.

Pharmocology

The exact mechanism of action of ingloriousness is unknown however it is known to researchers and medical professionals that ingloriousness suppress the repellent response of Re- negative pats. To Re- positive red blood cells as well as reestablishing normal beseechingly pathways (Apostate). Side Effects of MOA Octagon and Privilege both have black buffet warnings however this black box warning does not apply to all Ingloriousness.The black box warning consists of increased risk of infection of exquisite renal dysfunction/failure as well as thrombosis. The risk of thrombosis is increased in patients oer the age of 65 years old, prolonged manipulation, etc. (Apostate). Other sobering side effects accommodate hypersensitivity, nonphysical, rather multiform, hyperinflation, hypersensitivity, aseptic meningitis, psychotherapeutic, viral transmission risk, and hemolytic anemia Teaching It Is common for the patient to down headache, cough, (Apostate). Cause and vomiting, rash, Ura lic, fever, rigors, flushing, back pain, fatigue, chest tightness, muscle cramps, and elevated BUN Cry elevated lab set (Apostate). It is important to alert your doctor of any allergy before beginning to take these medications. Do not get any type of immunization while taking ingloriousness without getting an okay from your doctor (Monoclinic). brass section Consideration (Special timing, take with/without food, etc. ) It is important to take this medication on a very unshakable schedule as well as making sure to take the medication with food.There Is a serious risk of nonphysical with these medications so the Importance of telling your doctors your allergies is very great (Monoclinic). Drug/Drug Interactions study proportioning most concerning) Consult your doctor if you are on any medications for heart problems, blood clotting, or atherosclerosis as ingloriousness can name an increased risk for blood clotting and a higher risk when these other types of medications are Invo lved (Monoclonal).Taking other immune globulins at the time of administration can cause a very serious side effect of nonprescription (Apostate). Required Labs Numerous ingloriousness labs must be completed to determine which mucilaginous within the body has quit working. (Gig, leg, LCD, IGMP, and Gig). Doctors use these tests to determine what type of remediation disease the patient is suffering from by seeing which mucilaginous levels are increased or lessen from the normal lab values (Kids Health).

Marketers Persue the Shallow Pocketed

Is the information creation discussed in this article another congressman of colonialism? Why or why not? Identify two potential positives and two negatives occupy merchandise of the lamentable has on people and their economies. What theory of development is most applicable to the expansion of global markets to poor, baseborn income, and indigenous communities? After reading the information in chapter 8 and the information in the article, Marketers pursue the change pocketed, it is my conclusion that the information beingness discussed in this article is a clear example of colonialism.As stated in the textbook, Colonialism tended to deprive a society not only of its wealth and freedom, but also of its very character, sledding the local people intellectually and morally disoriented (Fanon, 1963), this is a lot like the article which shows that marketing to the poor has become a very hot subject. Identify two potential positives and two negatives direct marketing of the poor has on people and their economies. One positive thing that direct marketing of the poor has on people and their economies is that the people will be able to purchase items they need and want at lower prices.Another positive aspect of direct marketing is that the economy improves as more money is being spent. One of the negative aspects of direct marketing is that products will be provided in excess however the items whitethorn be of a lower quality, and the second negative aspect is that the poor people are being encouraged to purchase unnecessarily and perhaps overindulging in things that are not necessarily needed. RESOURCES Nowak, B. , & Laird, P. , (2010), ethnic Anthropology- 8. 2 Modern States Industrialization and the Global World Economy Retrieved from https//content. ashford. edu/books/AUANT101. 10. 2/sections/sec8. 2

Structure of the continuous improvement Essay

Matrix boldness building is a hybrid divisional and functional structure. As this high society is starting to grow, using this structure will serving it develop and manage well. The matrix structure entirelyows for the benefits of functional and divisional structures to exist in one organization. The matrix organizational structure divides authority both by functional area and by project. In a matrix structure, each employee answers to two immediate supervisors a functional supervisor and a project supervisor which is very considered in this comp some(prenominal). Communication is very authorised for unexampled structure, as clear guidance and discipline are need surrounded by management and employees.The matrix structure has some(prenominal) advantages such(prenominal) as preference coordination, which bothows supervisors to focus on their areas of expertise. Functional supervisors focus on hiring, instruction and managing employees in their field, while project sup ervisors dirty dog focus on achieving the goals of their specific projects or products. Employees will be much specialization as they are placed in functional areas exclusivelyows them to specialize in a item field. Instead of being penny-pinching at variety of tasks, specialized employees lav excel at tasks in their field of focus. Matrix structure overly allows employee is to develop wider set of skills by get goinging in team up with other department member in a project team.Employees permit constant contact with members of diametric functional areas, the matrix structure allows for tuition and resources to travel more fluidly amid those functional areas. The collaboration between functional areas allows projects team to better mete out complex challenges and objectives which one the flunk of old structure muddle them delay delivery causing them to lose major clients. Also this allows for human resources to be shared flexibly across different projects or products. Functional areas maintain a stock of talented employees to meet projects requirements. his organizational structure rout out help improve the telephoner structure and weakness so that the mistakes made in the past cannot repeat again by employee and continue to improve business and expanded across Australia.As in the detail says that lot of mistakes happen such as missing major accountant with applied science spare parts supplier due to the lack of support that the current IT agreement could offer in tracking deliveries, also employee are nervous as the impact that losing the major client have on business, which shows lack footsures and professionalism. There have been m any formal complaints made to management on the lack of information that is being discussed with them and that they do not feel valued anymore. There is a spot manager in each state and they hold a phone conference meeting each month, except the meetings with site department manager and their teams do not oc cur regularly.First IT system need to improved and handle by experts as its very important to keep records and track of business clients. It will also help to see weak areas and improve them. Also help them save the delivery time. The human resource need to stick out training to the employees so they can know the work well and feel confident on what they are doing. They need to know how to handle clients and work like professional. This will help them to provide good service to the clients and make company image good in the eyes of clients.The discourse is very important in the organization so because of the lack of communication between the information cling between the employees and management has been legal which cause work enigmas and misunderstandings. So the communication between the employee and management need to be improved. Another problem is meeting, the meeting needs to take place once a week, and meeting is good way to discussed ideas and share problem. It is also good way to improve the relationship. The management should encourage employees to voice their flavour and support them to be more creative. The organization should handle complaint from client sincerely because this can help to organization to improve their service and this also improves the relationship between company and clients.Effective mentoring and autobusing serve wellThe basic communication skill of a mentor or coach is not only a certain level of verbal communication skill still as well as the non-verbalcommunication skill. The difference between coaching and mentoring are that, the purpose of coaching is to improve the individuals action on the job, which involves either enhancing current skills or acquiring new skills on areas in which the employee is in need of coaching but only for a short period of time, maybe even just a few sessions. The coaching lasts for as wide as is needed, depending on the purpose of the coaching relationship, and once the coachee succes sfully acquires the skills, the coach is no longer needed.However, the purpose is to develop the individual not only for the current job, but as well as for the future job. It seeks to provide a safe environment where the mentoree shares whatever issues extend to his or her professional and personal success, though specific involveing goals or competencies may be use as a basis for creating the relationship, its focus goes beyond these areas to include things, such as work and life balance, self-confidence, self-perception, and how the personal influences the professional. However, this distinction differentiates the role of the immediate manager and that of the mentor, and reduces the possibility of creating conflict between the employees manager and the mentor.The coach or mentor is a facilitator, not an instructor. They support and challenge the employees to lean and to develop. The employees learn by acquiring new awareness, insight, skills, idea and knowledge. Development inv olves integrating their learning into the way they are. It is more important that a facilitator asks good questions than that they have right answers. Good questions provoke new perspectives and change in the employees. The effective coach or mentor reviews the learning relationship and the learning process, and does not take those for granted, and finds learning methods that become the employee. They need to help the employees to clarify how they learn best, and how to make coaching or mentoring work for them. Moreover, effective coach or mentor needs to understand the importance of what happens to the employees between each time they coach or mentoring them.Company strategyIn the following case study, it has stated that there is a problem with the over-the-hill system that they have been implementing throughout the last few months. Systems that relates to management of the company and its groups has been not updated for a long time hence the result in formal policies and procedu res not working as planned and not being that effective. As a result, there is a huge decrease in the mathematical operation from the employees such as late delivery and delay on products that should have been mailed to the customers.In order to meet that all systems and processes that are used to monitor operational progress and customer service and see what shipway we can use to identify the ways in which planning and operation can be improved, we as a Continuous Improvement Manager who has been hired by the Fast Forwarding company should develop a company strategy that can improve the bad situation that has been occurring in the company.First of all, we can suggest that the company can use the KPI indicator system which can be very laboursaving to identify each and all(prenominal) person in the office and how they are performing. Recording each and every action and converting the transaction of how well they are doing, the company can understand what the weakness of the em ployees and the workers are as well be capable to identify the needs and requirements that they have to complete to reach the indicated priority that they compliments to be in. The indicators also tell the company how well they are doing and also measure the overall performance of the business itself. By adjudgeing Key Performance Indicator as a company strategy, they will be able to update every members of the company about the objective and therefore find and solve the weakness that has been affecting the performance of the company.Second of all, the use of SWOT analysis can help indicate and sap the companys strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. If the company uses the analysis to effectively figure out the weakness and threats of the company itself, they might be able to see what problem is occurring and how much effect it has on the business performance and sales. After they find out what the weaknesses are and what threats might be there that has been creating a barri er from any improvements in their business. They canimplement different alternatives and solution to minimize the problems or completely wipe it out. away from the above use of the systems and analysis, there must be a custom of creating a daily stigmatize and updates on the system so that it doesnt get outdated and create a big problem later on for the future. Since it affected formal policies and procedures as well as the whole system that the company is using for the business, the employees are unable to keep up with current system and therefore they lack abounding information to be able to hold their performance in a stable way.Other alternatives to be able to improve the companys problem, the organization can use the Management information system which provides information that the organizations require to manage themselves efficiently and effectively. Since the IT system of the company Fast Forwarding has been outdated for a long time and havent been reviewed by any of the c ompanys men, we suggest that they apply the MIS to be able to update any information that they have crucial need in. It provides a rooted(p) schedules and reports regularly which can provide vital updates to the company when they need it.The MIS also contain systems such as Decision Support System (DSS), Executive entropy System (EIS), Office mechanisation System (OAS), educate Information Management Systems (SIMS) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP).1. Decision Support System (DSS) Its a system that helps in the decision making for the middle and higher management to complete information from a wide range of sources to support in problem solving and decision making. It mostly helps in organise and unstructured problems.2. Executive Information System (EIS) This is a system that concludes all the information that has been provided by all the departments and organizations so that they are able to summarize them with ease and convenience through proper order.3. Office Automatio n System (OAS) The system supports the communication andproductivity in the enterprise by automatically sending all the information and work flows for each of the employees easily. This helps in an efficient way to spread all the working information to everyone in the workplace at the same time and as fast as possible.4. School Information Management Systems (SIMS) This system covers the administration on teaching and learning materials that can help in assisting the employees with the training and experience providing necessary materials for them to utilize during the session for training and mentoring.5. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) The system facilitates the flow of information inside the organizations throughout each departments as well as mange the flow and connections of stakeholders that are exterior the boundaries of organization.To conclude, the system that they used had many flaws because they havent updated or review for a long time. Therefore, as given solution re garding company strategy up above, if they implement it with care, the company can overcome the problems that they have having and finally be able to improve the performance and the status of the business.How to informingStakeholders are those person, group or organizations that are interested in the project that the company has been working on and therefore have trust them enough to invest on the company.So in order to inform all the stakeholders about the new company strategy, we can use different communication strategy to be able to give them all the details and information concerning the new changes. Firstly, we can create a schedule for all the stakeholders so that they can be gathered up for the meeting. We can provide all the stakeholders with the notice through person, all the stakeholders can gather up in a precise location and discuss the new changes and be able to confirm that everybody gets it.Another way is to use technological factors to inform all the stakeholders. D ifferent alternatives such as mailing the information to the stakeholders can also be used as one of the communication strategy to immediately inform every stakeholder as well as give them a softcopy of everything that needs to be included as changes of the new company strategy.As a conclusion there can be different ways to use communication strategy to forward different details and information to the stakeholders so that they can be updated every now and often.Future planningOne of the biggest challenges faced by any kinds of companies and organizations are how to plan for the future, what to invest in, where to place your bet? It is really hard to perfectly predict the overture future and prepare for those upcoming situations, but we do have the creative thinking skills and behaviors to build an imaginative look at the future and to help the company to create powerful future scenarios and plan confiscate implications create powerful future scenarios and plan appropriate implicat ions. I believe, the only way to lead a company to succeed is to be able to build new, advantaged knowledge that others do not know but we discover through powerful designs.Also, it is important to discover the unknown future opportunities that we do not know. In order to higher the chance to be successful, we have to do more than long term strategy, which an good model for foresight requires treating it as much more than the prediction of futurists or a technology development exercise. It should involve both analytical and imaginative thinking, which reaches beyond typical corporate approaches to strategic planning. However, it typically does not have a single answer, so we must consider multiple scenarios and make some bodied bets in order to avoid worse-case scenario.